Structure Details

Human farnesyl diphosphate synthase in complex with NE58025

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PDB Code 3CP6 Target Class Miscellaneous

Target FDPSA
Alias FDPS, FPS
Disease Area/Function metabolism, signalling
Date Deposited 2008-03-31
Authors Pilka, E.S. Dunford, J.E. Guo, K. Pike, A.C.W. Von Delft, F. Ebetino, F.H. Arrowsmith, C.H. Bountra, C. Edwards, A.M. Russell, R.G.G., Oppermann, U.
Related Structure 1YV5, 1ZW5, 2QIS, 3B7L

Struc Details Tabs

Structure Details
A key branch point enzyme of the mevalonate pathway is farnesyl diphosphate synthase (FDPS, FPPS, EC 2.5.1.10 ), a Mg2+-dependent homodimeric enzyme, localized in peroxisomes. FDPS catalyzes the formation of both geranyl and farnesylpyrophosphate from isopentenyl pyrophosphate and dimethylallyl pyrophosphate. Post-translational modification of C-terminal CAAX sequences by covalent attachment of these isoprenyl chains is crucial for intracellular localization and proper function of small GTPases such as Ras, Rac, Rho , and CDC42.

Nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates (N-BPs) are known inhibitors of farnesyl diphosphate synthase and are currently used to treat osteoporosis, Paget’s disease of the bone, and malignant bone tumours. Bisphosphonate therapy, which inhibits bone resorption, reduces the risk of fracture by 50% within one year. NE58025 is a research compound with 2 isomers. The 1R6S isomer projects the ring nitrogen towards the Lys200/Thr201 motif of the wildtype FPPS and is a potent inhibitor of FPPS, whereas its sister compound, the 1S6R isomer, projects the ring nitrogen away from the Lys200/Thr201 and is a poor inhibitor. An understanding of the mode of binding of NE58025 1R6S to an FDPS mutant that (Thr201Ala) adds to our understanding of the mechanism of inhibition of this important drug target.

Materials & Methods
StructureFDPS + NE58025
PDB Code3CP6
LigandsNE58025
Entry clone accession IMAGE:4132071
Entry clone source MGC
Tag N-terminal tag: mgsshhhhhhssgrenlyfqghm
Construct sequenceghmNGDQNSDVYAQEKQDFVQHFSQIVRVLTEDEMGHPEIGDAIARLKEVLEYNAIGGKYNRGLTVVVAFRELVEPRKQD
ADSLQRAWTVGWCVELLQAFFLVADDIMDSSLTRRGQICWYQKPGVGLDAINDANLLEACIYRLLKLYCREQPYYLNLIE
LFLQSSYQTEIGQTLDLLTAPQGNVDLVRFTEKRYKSIVKYKAAFYSFYLPIAAAMYMAGIDGEKEHANAKKILLEMGEF
FQIQDDYLDLFGDPSVTGKIGTDIQDNKCSWLVVQCLQRATPEQYQILKENYGQKEAEKVARVKALYEELDLPAVFLQYE
EDSYSHIMALIEQYAAPLPPAVFLGLARKIYKRRKafter tag removal
Vector p11-Toronto
Expression host BL21(DE3)
Growth method Overnight cultures in LB (10 mL with100 μg/mL ampicillin) were used to inoculate 1 litre of LB medium containing 100 μg/mL ampicillin. Cultures were grown at 37°C until they reached an OD600 of 0.6-0.8 and then induced with 1 mM IPTG. The temperature was adjusted to 18°C and expression was allowed to continue overnight. The cells were collected by centrifugation.
Extraction procedure The cell pellet was resuspended in 50 mM HEPES pH 7.5, 5 mM imidazole, 500 mM NaCl, 5% glycerol.and lysed using a high pressure cell disruptor. The lysate was centrifuged at 17,000 RPM for 30 minutes at 4°C and the supernatant was collected.
Purification procedure Column 1: 2mL Ni-NTA agaroseBuffers: Binding: 50 mM HEPES pH 7.5, 5 mM imidazole, 500 mM NaCl, 5% glycerol, 0.5 mM TCEP; Wash: 50 mM HEPES pH 7.5, 500 mM NaCl, 30 mM imidazole, 5% glycerol, 0.5 mM TCEP; Elution: 50 mM HEPES pH 7.5, 500 mM NaCl, 250 mM imidazole, 5% glycerol, 0.5 mM TCEP.Procedure: Approximately 75 mL of bacterial lysate was loaded by gravity onto a 2 mL Ni-NTA agarose columns pre-equilebrated with binding buffer. The columns were then washed twice with 30mL binding buffer, then twice with 12.5mL of wash buffer. Protein was then eluted with 12.5 mL of elution buffer and collected as 1.5mL fractions. Fractions containing purified protein were pooled and concentrated to a volume of less than 5mLs using a Vivaspin concentrator with 10 kD MW cutoff.Column 2: Hiload 16/60 Superdex 200 prep grade 120 mLBuffers: 10 mM Hepes pH 7.5, 500 mM NaCl, 5% glycerol, 0.5 mM TCEPProcedure: The concentrated protein was loaded onto the column at 1 mL/min using an AKTA purifier system. Eluted protein was collected in 1 mL fractions.
Protein stock concentration All fractions containing pure protein were pooled and concentrated to 85 mg/ml using a Vivaspin concentrator with 10 kD MW cutoff.
Mass spec Characterisation of the protein by mass spectrometry revealed MW of 40.697kDa after TEV cleavage, coinciding with the predicted mass of the T201A mutant.
Crystallization NE58025 1R6S was prepared as a 100 mM stock solution in 100mM Tris HCl pH 7.7. MgCl2 was prepared as a 100 mM aquaeus stock solution. NE58025 1R6S and MgCl2 were added to the protein to a final concentration of 2 mM each and a final protein concentration of 15 mg/mL. Crystals were grown at 20°C in 300 nl sitting drops by mixing 100 nl of protein solution and 200 nl of precipitant consisting of 0.2M NH4Cl pH6.3, 20% PEG 6000, 10% Ethylene glycol. Crystals were mounted using 20% ethylene glycol as a cryoprotectant before flash freezing.
Data collection Resolution: 2.0Å; X-ray source: Rotating anode, FR-E superbright.